Between 10 and 30 percent of pregnant women in the United States drink alcohol. The rate of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in the U.S. is estimated at 2-5 percent of first-grade children. Dr. Mooney's work uses animal models to test nutritional interventions that may ameliorate alcohol-induced deficits as well as examining other factors, such as genes and nutrition, that confer vulnerability or resistance.