Kids more active when playground has balls, jump ropes, UNC study shows

Photograph, Dr. Dianne Ward

Children play harder and longer when their child care centers provide portable play equipment such as balls and jump ropes, more opportunities for active play, and physical activity training and education for staff and students, according to researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health.

Increased activity levels help children maintain a healthy weight, the researchers say, which is critical as obesity rates climb nationwide, especially among children.

The study, called “The Childcare Environment and Children’s Physical Activity,” published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, examines environmental factors that encourage children to be active with greater intensity and for longer periods of time.

“Childhood obesity is an epidemic that threatens the future health of our nation,” said Dianne Ward, EdD, director of the School of Public Health nutrition department’s intervention and policy division and a co-author of the study. “We know that about 57 percent of all 3- to 5-year-olds in the United States attend child care centers, so it’s important to understand what factors will encourage them to be more active, and, hopefully, less likely to become obese.”

Researchers assessed the physical and social environmental factors thought to influence healthy weight at 20 child care centers across North Carolina. They evaluated the physical activity levels of children attending the centers. Additional data were gathered through interviews and documents provided by the child care directors.

The study showed that children had more moderate and vigorous physical activity and fewer minutes of sedentary activity when their center had more portable play equipment, including balls, hoola hoops, jump ropes and riding toys, offered more opportunities for active play (inside and outside), and had physical activity training and education for staff and students.

Stationary equipment, such as climbing structures, swings and balance beams, were associated with lower intensity physical activity, researchers said, but are beneficial to other aspects of child development, such as motor and social skills.

The researchers also noted that centers with more computer and television equipment actually scored better on activity levels. “It’s unlikely that TV and computers promoted active behavior,” Ward said, “but it could be that centers that have the resources to buy media equipment may also spend more on equipment and activities that promote physical activity and provide supplemental training and education for staff.”

Although previous research pointed to a link between a children’s physical activity and child care centers, there had been little data explaining which aspects of the child care environment actually promoted vigorous physical activity. Not surprisingly, researchers said, children in centers that ranked higher on supportive environment criteria in the study receive approximately 80 more minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and 140 fewer minutes of sedentary activity per week compared to centers with less supportive environments.

“Child care providers can play a huge role in encouraging children to be active and developing habits and preferences that will help them control their weight throughout their lives,” Ward said.

“The easiest way to increase physical activity may be as simple as providing more active play time and relatively inexpensive toys, like balls and jump ropes,” she said. “Our data don’t go this far, but parents buying toys and games for children this time of year might consider stocking up on jump ropes and hoola hoops. And for their own health, they should get outside with their children and run, jump and play, too.”

Other authors of the study are Derek P. Hales, PhD, and Deborah F. Tate, PhD, from UNC; Julie K. Bower from the University of Minnesota; Daniela A. Rubin, PhD, from California State University, Fullerton; and Sara E. Benjamin, PhD, from Harvard Medical School.

Note: The article is available by contacting eAJPM@ucsd.edu.

School of Public Health contact: Ramona DuBose, director of communications, (919) 966-7467 or ramona_dubose@unc.edu.